An evaluation of the reasons why the Fascists were able to stay in power, 1922-39

Use of Propaganda and Control of Information

Control of media: The Fascist regime censored the press and took control of radio stations and cinemas. These mediums were utilised to spread propaganda and promote the regime’s ideology.
Use of symbols and slogans: Fascists effectively used symbols like the Roman salute and the fasces, as well as slogans such as “Mussolini is always right,” to promote national unity and loyalty to the regime.

The Acerbo Law: Passed in 1923, this law guaranteed two-thirds of the seats in the Chamber of Deputies to the party with the most votes, which was always the Fascist Party under Mussolini’s rule.
Concordat with the Vatican: The 1929 Lateran Treaty with the church bestowed religious legitimacy on the Fascist regime, thus ensuring the loyalty of Italy’s sizable Catholic population.

Establishment of a police state: Under the Fascist regime, a secret police known as the OVRA was employed to suppress opposition activities through intimidation, imprisonment and even execution.
Abolition of political parties: By 1925, all political parties apart from the fascist party were banned, eradicating any opposition and ensuring the uncontested rule of the Fascists.

The Battle for Grain and the Corporate state: The Fascist regime launched initiatives geared towards the stimulation of the economy, providing employment opportunities, and challenging economic reliance on foreign states.
Infrastructure development: The Fascist regime significantly improved the country’s infrastructure by constructing public buildings, motorways, and draining marshlands, which not only created jobs but also served as a visible testimony of the regime’s achievements.

Assertive foreign policy: Mussolini pursued aggressive foreign policies to gain popular support and establish Italy as a prominent power in Europe. His military conquests like the invasion of Abyssinia were celebrated as national victories.
Pact of Steel with Germany: This alliance with Hitler’s Germany in 1939 bolstered Italy’s international standing and reaffirmed its position as a major European power.