Passing of the Act of Union

Political Turmoil: Following the death of Queen Anne in 1702, the prospect of a Catholic successor had reignited concerns about the balance of power and religious conflict within the kingdoms.
Negotiations: In 1706, commissioners from both Scotland and England started negotiations, with the aim of creating an equitable and beneficial union.
Articles of Union: The commissioners wrote 25 key articles, addressing contentious issues such as trade, taxation, representation in Parliament, and preserving Scottish legal and religious systems.

Ratification in Scotland: The Scottish Parliament debated the Articles of Union in January 1707. Despite strong opposition and protests about the potential loss of national identity and independence, the union was approved by a narrow margin.
Ratification in England: The English Parliament ratified the Treaty of Union swiftly and with little opposition, passing the Act in March 1707.
Proclamation: The new state, known as the “Kingdom of Great Britain”, was proclaimed on 1 May 1707.

Scottish Adjustment: Scotland experienced a difficult adjustment period, with riots and protests against the loss of national sovereignty, and the perceived English domination.
Increase in Trade: The hardships were alleviated over time with an increase in trade and commercial prospects due to the open access to colonies.
Shared Parliament: Scottish representatives took their seats in London in the new shared Parliament, taking part in British governance.
Religious Freedom Maintained: Despite fears, the Church of Scotland (the Kirk) retained its unique structure and Presbyterian character.
Cultural Identity Remains: Scottish law, education, and local governance retained their distinctive characteristics, evidencing that union did not equate to full assimilation.