John Balliol and Edward I 1292-96

John Balliol and Edward I 1292-96

John Balliol’s Reign

• John Balliol was chosen by Edward I and ascended to the Scottish throne in 1292.
• Edward I intended to use Balliol as a puppet king, expecting him to obey English directives.
• However, Balliol found it challenging to balance the expectation of the Scottish nobility and Edward’s demands.
• In 1295, after extensive pressure, he agreed to the ‘Auld Alliance’ with France, a strategic move against England.

Edward I’s Reaction

• Edward I perceived the Auld Alliance as a declaration of war by Scotland.
• In response, Edward invaded Scotland - an event known as the First War of Scottish Independence which started in 1296.
• Edward quickly seized control of many castles and deposed John Balliol.
• Throughout his Scottish campaigns, Edward I took symbols of Scottish independence, such as the Stone of Destiny, back to England to undermine Scottish morale.

Impact on Scotland

• Following Balliol’s deposition, Scotland was under English overlordship but resistance and resentment were widespread.
• Edward I’s harsh rule was resented by the Scottish, fuelling more desire for independence.
• This period set the stage for the rise of Scottish patriots like William Wallace and Robert the Bruce who would play pivotal roles in the pursuit of Scottish independence.