An evaluation of British opinion towards the conflict in the colonies

Understanding of the Conflict in America

Insufficient grasp of colonial sentiment: Many in the British government failed to understand the depth of the colonists’ desires for independence, dismissing it in the early stages of strife as mere unruliness.
Mistaken belief of Loyalist strength: Officials in Britain received misleading reports about the percentage of loyalists (those favouring British rule) in America. They had an exaggerated belief that a substantial loyalist population was present, leading them to take stringent measures.

Divided Opinion

The Whigs opposed: The Whig party, more sympathetic towards colonial rights, vehemently criticised the government’s harsh stance towards the colonies. They were outraged by what they saw as attacks on English liberties.
Tories supported: The Tory party largely supported the King and his government’s approach towards the colonies, seeing the enforcement of laws and taxes as justifiable after the costly Seven Years War.
Public sentiment mixed: Opinion amongst the general public was divided, with some British citizens viewing the rebels as instigators of unnecessary conflict while others sympathised with the American struggle for representation and liberty.

Outcome of the Conflict

War weariness: As the war progressed, it became increasingly unpopular due to its high cost and lack of decisive success. By 1781, following the Battle of Yorktown, public support for the war had diminished greatly.
Acknowledgement of American Independence: Following the peace treaty of 1783 (Treaty of Paris), British leadership recognised the United States. This signalled a fundamental shift in Britain’s stance, acknowledging its failure to suppress the revolt and accepting the colonists’ demand for independence. This change was marked by both defeat and a stepping stone towards a new relationship between the two nations.

In revising this topic, consider the varying reasons and attitudes within Britain towards the escalating conflict in the American colonies. This includes understanding the political divide between the Whigs and Tories, the misjudgements made by British officials, and the impact these had on the unfolding events.