An evaluation of the reasons for the growth of nationalism in Italy, 1815-50

An evaluation of the reasons for the growth of nationalism in Italy, 1815-50

Reasons for the Growth of Nationalism in Italy, 1815-1850

Economic Factors

  • Industrialisation: The onset of industrialisation led to increased socio-economic divisions and consequently, a sense of national unity became a rallying point for widespread discontent.

  • Agricultural downturn: Rural areas faced hardships due to traditional agriculture’s decline. The consequent unrest contributed to demands for change and unity.

Political Factors

  • Varied political systems: The presence of distinct political systems in the peninsula triggered a desire for a unified political system under a single government.

  • Foreign influence: Continuous interference from foreign powers, especially Austria, fuelled nationalist sentiments amongst Italians who desired self-rule.

Cultural and Intellectual Movement

  • Romanticism: The Romantic Movement celebrated the Italian language and culture and created an understanding of common Italian identity which fostered nationalist feelings.

  • Role of intellectuals: Key figures like Mazzini, Garibaldi, and Cavour used their writings and charisma to influence public opinion towards a unified Italy.

Socio-Religious Factors

  • Decline in Papal authority: The Papal States were seen as corrupt and inefficient which brought about a decline in religious authority and an increase in nationalist sentiment.

  • Population increase: Rapid population growth especially in urban areas led to social problems. This consolidated the demands for national unification as a solution.

Reaction to Repression

  • Austrian domination: Austrian rule over Lombardy and Venetia was deeply unpopular. Their repressive actions heightened a sense of being ‘Italian’ and a desire for self-rule.

  • Suppression of revolts: Austrian and other authoritarian reactions to uprisings further intensified the desire for national freedom.