An evaluation of the reasons for the fall of Jerusalem in 1187

An evaluation of the reasons for the fall of Jerusalem in 1187

Military Factors

  • The successful strategic planning of the Muslim leader, Saladin, was a major factor in the fall of Jerusalem. He effectively unified the Muslim forces and launched a holy war - Jihad - against the Christian states in the Middle East. He skilfully used his knowledge of the terrain and surprised the Crusaders at the Battle of Hattin which opened the road to Jerusalem.
  • The military weakness of the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem was another key factor. Internal divisions and conflicts weakened the Crusader states which made it difficult for them to resist Saladin’s forces. The lack of trained soldiers and resources made it even harder for them to defend the city.

Political Factors

  • A significant aspect was political disunity amongst the Crusader states. The lack of common leadership and constant disputes undermined their ability to provide a united front against Saladin, facilitating the fall of Jerusalem.
  • The failure of diplomacy also played a role. The Crusader kingdoms had previously relied on delicate alliances and treaties with neighbouring Muslim states. However, the aggressive policies pursued by Reynald of Chatillon, a leading figure in the Kingdom, provoked Saladin and endangered these essential alliances.

Social Factors

  • The population imbalances between the Muslims and Christians in the region was a considerable factor. There were far more Muslims living in the area, and Saladin was able to rally a large force to retake Jerusalem.
  • The lost support of the local population, both Christian and Muslim, for the rule of the Latin Kingdom was another contributing factor. Their harsh and intolerant rule had alienated the local populace, who were less inclined to aid them during Saladin’s attack.

Remember, the fall of Jerusalem in 1187 was not brought about by a single factor but rather a confluence of different circumstances, and understanding these complexities is crucial for any analysis of the event.