The effects of migration and empire on Scotland, to 1939

Economic Impact of Scottish Migration

The outflow of population often led to labour shortages, which had an impact on Scotland’s economy.
The remittances sent back by emigrants provided an essential source of income for families and boosted the local economy.
Certain sectors such as shipbuilding and textiles witnessed rapid growth due to the increased demand from the colonies and emigrant ships.

Socio-Cultural Impact of Scottish Migration

Scotland experienced a significant loss of population especially from the Highlands, changing the demographic composition of the country.
A diffusion of cultures and ideas occurred due to emigration, influencing Scottish society and development of arts.
Emigration led to the disruption of traditional social structures and communities, especially in the Highland region.

Impact of Empire on Scotland

The growth of the British Empire provided ample opportunities for investment, thus augmenting the wealth of the Scottish mercantile and professional classes.
Infrastructure in Scotland saw improvements funded by wealth acquired from colonial enterprises, contributing to urban development and industrialisation.
Scotland’s position within the Empire led to the country being seen as a partner in Empire rather than a subordinate, helping to strengthen the Union of 1707.

Impact of Migration on Scottish Identity

Emigration from Scotland led to the spread of Scottish heritage and traditions overseas, helping to create a transnational Scottish identity.
The shared experience of migration and settling in new lands helped to create a sense of unity and collective identity among Scots.
The narrative of Scottish emigration and success in the Empire contributed to the formation of a Scottish national identity that co-existed with a British imperial identity.

Impact of Empire on Scottish Education

The need for administrators and professionals for the Empire led to a demand for higher education, supporting the expansion of Scotland’s universities and colleges.
Scottish education system was often modelled in other parts of the Empire, enhancing its stature and influence.
The exposure to varied cultures and ideas due to the Empire had an impact on curricula and disciplines taught in Scottish educational institutions.