An evaluation of the reasons for the increase of central royal power in the reign of Henry II in England

The Rise to Power of Henry II

Henry II, who reigned as King from 1154 to 1189, significantly increased the central royal power in England, thanks to his innovative methods of governance.

Introduction of Common Law: Henry II is credited with the development of ‘common law’, which reduced local variability in legal matters and established a body of law that was common throughout the land.
Royal Courts: He established royal courts throughout the country. Judges, appointed by the King, travelled around the country hearing cases. This strengthened the power of the King because it set a consistent standard of law enforcement and justice.
Abolishing the trial by ordeal: The King replaced the trial by ordeal with trial by jury. This was a significant development in the system of justice and centralised power in the Crown’s hands.

Managing Inheritance Laws: By requiring Barons to pay a fee when they inherited land, Henry II increased royal wealth significantly.
Reclaiming Royal Holdings: Henry II was able to reclaim royal lands that had been lost by his predecessors. This not only increased his personal wealth but also the perception of his power.

Strong Army: Henry held a considerable amount of territory which allowed him to command a large army, projecting his power both domestically and internationally.
Successful Military Campaigns: Henry II’s has several successful military campaigns, notably in Ireland and France. These successes elevated his status, leading to increased loyalty from his vassals and enhanced central power.

Thomas Becket Dispute: Henry’s public quarrel with Thomas Becket, the Archbishop of Canterbury, although initially damaging to Henry’s image, led to an agreement that allowed the King to punish clergy in his courts. This marked a significant increase in royal power over the Church.

Throughout his reign, Henry II was able to centralise his power through judicial reforms, strategic land management, control over the Church, and his military prowess. Each of these developments played a critical role in strengthening the central power of the Crown.