Human Destiny and Ethical Teaching

Kamma/Karma - According to Buddhism, our actions (both good and bad) have consequences. The law of karma suggests that virtuous actions lead to positive results while non-virtuous actions lead to negative results. Karma isn’t fate, but a natural law of the universe which manifests as cause and effect.
Rebirth - Buddhists believe in a cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. This cycle, called samsara, is influenced by kamma/karma and continues until one achieves enlightenment (nirvana), where they are then freed from this cycle.
Moksha/Nirvana - The ultimate goal of a Buddhist’s spiritual path is to attain nirvana - a state of liberation and freedom from suffering. Nirvana is a state of purity, peace, and enlightenment where samsara is ceased.

Ethical Teaching

Five Moral Precepts - These are the basic ethical guidelines for Buddhists. They are: to refrain from taking life, stealing, sexual misconduct, lying, and intoxication.
The Eightfold Path - The Noble Eightfold Path is a guide for behaviour aimed at ending suffering and achieving nirvana. It includes: right understanding, thought, speech, action, livelihood, effort, mindfulness, and concentration.
Compassion (Karuna) and Loving-kindness (Metta) - These are two of the key virtues promoted in Buddhism. Compassion is feeling for others’ suffering and loving-kindness is the wish for all beings to be happy. Both of these virtues should be cultivated for a more peaceful and harmonious world.
Dependent Origination/Paticcasamuppada - This is a key teaching that everything in life is interconnected. It asserts that all physical and mental states depend on and arise from other pre-existing states. Through understanding this interconnectedness, Buddhists aim to better understand and alleviate suffering.