The Four Noble Truths

The Four Noble Truths

The Nature of Suffering

  • Dukkha: This refers to the existence of suffering, unsatisfactoriness or dissatisfaction in life. It is the innate dissatisfaction derived from life’s impermanent, imperfect nature.

The Origin of Suffering

  • Samudaya: Meaning ‘origin’ or ‘cause’, this is the second Noble Truth, which states that the main cause of suffering is attachment, desire, or craving.

The Cessation of Suffering

  • Nirodha: This refers to the cessation or ending of suffering. According to Buddhism, by removing cravings and attachments, we can end suffering.

The Path to the Cessation of Suffering

  • Magga: This refers to the path that leads to the cessation of suffering. Usually outlined as the Eightfold Path, it provides a guideline for ethical, mindful, and meditative behaviours to overcome the causes of suffering and achieve enlightenment.

The Eightfold Path

As part of the Four Noble Truths, especially under Magga, the Eightfold Path provides the solution to suffering. This path is divided into three main divisions: wisdom (panna), moral virtue (sila), and concentration (samadhi).

Wisdom (Panna)

  • Right Understanding: Understanding the Four Noble Truths and the nature of life.
  • Right Thought: Having the correct intention, free from ill-will and cruelty.

Moral Virtue (Sila)

  • Right Speech: Abstaining from lying, divisive speech, harsh speech, and idle chatter.
  • Right Action: Abstaining from killing, stealing, and sexual misconduct.
  • Right Livelihood: Making a living through ethical, harm-free means.

Concentration (Samadhi)

  • Right Effort: Making a conscientious effort to develop wholesome qualities and release unwholesome qualities.
  • Right Mindfulness: Cultivating awareness of the body, feelings, mind, and mental phenomena.
  • Right Concentration: Developing the mental focus necessary for meditation.