Functions of Major Body Systems

The Nervous System

Acts as the body’s communication network, sending and receiving messages through nerve impulses.
Coordinates voluntary and involuntary actions and sends signals to different parts of the body.
The central nervous system, comprising the brain and spinal cord, processes information and creates responses.
The peripheral nervous system transmits commands from the central nervous system to the rest of the body and brings sensory information back to the brain.

The Circulatory System

This system is responsible for transporting materials throughout the entire body.
It carries nutrients, oxygen and hormones to cells and removes waste products.
The heart, blood vessels and blood are its key components.

The Respiratory System

The respiratory system allows the body to breathe, taking in oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide.
This process is called gas exchange and occurs in the lungs.
In addition to the lungs, the system includes the nose, trachea, and bronchus.

The Digestive System

This system breaks down food into nutrients which are then absorbed by the body for energy, growth and cell repair.
The key organs involved are the mouth, oesophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, small intestine, colon and rectum.

The Urinary System

Also known as the renal system, it removes waste and assists in regulating blood volume and pressure, control levels of electrolytes and metabolites, and regulate blood pH.
It includes the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and urethra.

The Immune System

Protects the body against disease and infection.
Produces white blood cells and antibodies to fight off bacteria, viruses and other harmful invaders.
Components include tonsils, thymus, bone marrow, spleen, lymph nodes and vessels.

The understanding of these systems is essential in providing effective health and social care. It ensures care plans are tailored according to the body system needs and appropriate support is given when these systems face disorders or diseases.