Common Types of Infection
Common Types of Infections
Infections are caused by pathogens - harmful microorganisms such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites.
Bacterial Infections
Bacteria are microscopic, single-celled organisms. Not all bacteria are harmful, but those that are can cause infections including:
- Respiratory Infections such as pneumonia and tuberculosis
- Foodborne Illnesses, including salmonellosis and botulism
- Urinary Tract Infections which may affect the kidneys, bladder, or urethra
- Skin Infections such as cellulitis and impetigo
Viral Infections
Viruses are smaller than bacteria and invade living cells, where they reproduce and often damage or kill the host cells. Key examples include:
- Flu (Influenza) - a common respiratory illness
- Chickenpox - a highly contagious disease predominantly affecting children
- HIV/AIDS - a severe, life-threatening condition affecting the immune system
- COVID-19 - a recent pandemic-causing respiratory illness
Fungal Infections
Fungi can affect different parts of the body, and frequently occur on the skin. Examples include:
- Athlete’s foot - a common skin infection affecting the feet
- Yeast Infections such as thrush, which can affect the mouth or genital area
- Ringworm - a skin, hair, or nail infection characterised by an itchy, ring-shaped rash
Parasitic Infections
Parasites live on or in a host organism and can cause disease. Relevant parasitic infections include:
- Malaria - transmitted by the bite of an infected mosquito
- Giardiasis - a gastrointestinal infection caused by consuming contaminated food or water
- Scabies - a skin infestation causing intense itching and a pimple-like rash
Understand these common infections and the ways in which they spread is crucial in preventing and controlling infection in health and social care environments.