Theories of crime and deviance: neo-Marxist

Theories of crime and deviance: neo-Marxist

Introduction to Neo-Marxist Theory

  • Neo-Marxism is an extension of traditional Marxist views on crime and deviance. It blends elements of traditional Marxism with other theoretical perspectives.

Capitalistic Systems and Crime

  • Central to Neo-Marxist theory is the belief that the capitalistic system gives rise to conditions conducive to deviant behaviour and crime.
  • Neo-Marxist criminology asserts that, under capitalism, inequality and marginalisation breed frustration and discontent – leading to both blue-collar and white-collar crimes.

Power Relations and Construction of Laws

  • Neo-Marxists emphasise the role of power relations in the construction and enforcement of laws.
  • They argue that those in power construct laws to serve their own interests, often criminalising the actions of the less powerful, and consequently, protecting the status quo.

White-Collar Crime and Social Class

  • Unlike traditional Marxism, Neo-Marxist criminologists focus on white-collar and corporate crimes.
  • They argue that these crimes, often committed by individuals in higher social classes, can cause significant harm but are typically less prosecuted or punished due to power structures and class relations within society.

The New Criminology by Taylor, Walton, and Young

  • A significant Neo-Marxist perspective on crime is introduced by Ian Taylor, Paul Walton, and Jock Young in their work The New Criminology.
  • They criticise deterministic views that people are passive products of their social conditions, arguing instead for an understanding of crime that recognises the agency of individuals.

Critical Criminology

  • Neo-Marxists are often associated with critical criminology, challenging traditional views on crime and advocating for social justice.
  • They call for a comprehensive analysis of crime that considers socio-political structures, power relations, and socioeconomic inequalities.

Summary

  • Neo-Marxist theory emphasises the role of socio-economic factors, power structures, capitalistic conditions, and social class in the occurrence of crime.
  • It presents a critical perspective on the definition, analysis, and control of criminal and deviant behaviour.