Theories of inequality: neo-Weberian

Theories of inequality: neo-Weberian

Defining Neo-Weberian Theory

• The Neo-Weberian theory stems from the well-known sociologist Max Weber. It argues that social inequality is not solely due to economic factors, but also to an individual’s social status and power.

The Concept of Class

• For Neo-Weberians, the concept of class is not merely about economic position but also class status and the ability to wield significant power.
• They challenge the Marxists’ economic deterministic view of class and introduce roles of status and party to the understanding of class.

Factors Influencing Social Inequality

• Neo-Weberians recognise a broader set of factors influencing social inequality. They emphasise the impact of bureaucratisation and market capacity on one’s social position.
• Unlike Marx who argued the proletariat would eventually overthrow the bourgeoisie, neo-Weberians suggest that the middle class will continue to expand.

Status Groups

• Status groups are an important part of Neo-Weberian theory. This refers to communities that operate on the basis of shared cultural practices and expectations, often resulting in social closure.
• Membership in these status groups can impact one’s opportunities and advantages in society. Thus, such exclusionary practices contribute to social inequality.

Pariah groups

• Neo-Weberians also introduce the concept of Pariah groups - these are people who face exclusions and face societal discrimination. Their position in society is not necessarily related to their economic capital.

Power and Inequality

• Neo-Weberians consider power as a prominent source of societal inequality. They argue that people with a prominent position within the social hierarchy or powerful organisations have a greater means to influence societal norms and policies. This is not entirely dependent on their economic wealth.

Critiques of Neo-Weberian Theory

• Critics argue that the neo-Weberian theory doesn’t account for the impact of capitalism on social inequalities.
• They believe such a view understates the importance of economic factors, and instead, overemphasises status and power.

Key Neo-Weberian Sociologists

• Contemporary sociologists such as John Scott have extended Weber’s ideas, linking classes more directly to occupation and taking the term ‘elite’ to refer to those in top occupational positions.
• Sociologists like David Lockwood argued that Weber’s theories offer the potential for greater flexibility in understanding class-related inequalities.