Theoretical perspectives of Youth Cultures: Functionalist

Functionalist Views on Youth Cultures

Functionalists view society as a unified system where all elements, including youth subcultures, serve a specific role or function. This is known as the consensus view.
They believe that youth subcultures serve as a rite of passage for individuals transitioning from childhood to adulthood.
This transition represents a period of socialisation where youths learn and adopt the societal norms, thus preparing them for adult responsibilities.

Youth subcultures not only provide a collective identity for individuals but they also act as a valuable medium for youth to question, challenge and negotiate societal expectations.
By doing so, they indirectly contribute to societal change and adaptation, which are crucial elements for any functioning society.
From a functionalist perspective, the existence of youth cultures serves society by providing a safe platform for the expression of creative and innovative ideas that can lead to societal evolution.

Critics argue that the functionalist perspective intrinsically supports the status quo and may justify societal inequalities and prejudices.
It also fails to consider the complex social and economic factors influencing youth cultures, such as class, gender, ethnicity and sexuality.
Finally, critics point out that the functionalist view does not acknowledge the experiences of marginalised or non-conforming youth cultures that are often excluded or disadvantaged in society.