Respiration – Level 3 Applied Science BTEC Revision

Respiration is a metabolic process through which organisms convert nutrients into ATP, a molecule that fuels most cellular activities.
It involves the oxidation of glucose to produce carbon dioxide, water and energy in the form of ATP.
Respiration occurs in two stages: glycolysis and the Krebs cycle.
Glycolysis, which occurs in the cytoplasm, breaks down one molecule of glucose to produce two molecules of pyruvic acid, releasing a small amount of energy.
The Krebs Cycle, which takes place in the mitochondria, processes these pyruvate molecules to release CO2, water and a large amount of ATP.

There are two types of respiration: aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration.
Aerobic respiration requires oxygen and is the most efficient way to produce energy, yielding high amounts of ATP.
Anaerobic respiration takes place in the absence of oxygen and produces less ATP.

Respiration is essential for all organisms as it provides the energy they need to perform all biological functions.
It is crucial for muscle contraction, nerve impulse propagation and the synthesis of molecules within cells.
In the human body, the delivery of oxygen and removal of carbon dioxide are facilitated by the respiratory and circulatory systems.

Proper functioning of the respiratory process is crucial for maintaining good health.
Respiratory diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), can affect the efficiency of gas exchange.
Lifestyle choices, like regular exercise and a healthy diet, can support efficient respiration and overall metabolic health.