Recognising Cell Organelles: Electron Micrographs and Light Microscopes

Recognising Cell Organelles

Introduction to Cell Organelles

All living cells are composed of fundamental structures referred to as cell organelles.
Each organelle has a specific function, contributing to the cell’s overall survival and function.
Some of the main cell organelles include the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and the cell membrane.

Electron Micrographs

Electron micrographs are images taken of a cell using an electron microscope.
They offer a high-resolution, highly magnified image, capturing even minute cellular details.
Electron micrographs can highlight different cell organelles based on their appearance, size, and location within the cell.
The nucleus is typically the largest organelle and is found in the centre of the cell.
Mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum appear as complex, membranous structures, while lysosomes are shown as small, round organelles.
Electron micrographs facilitate the clear identification and observation of these organelles’ internal structures, such as the cristae inside mitochondria or the compartmentalisation of the Golgi apparatus.

Light Microscopes

A light microscope uses light and a series of lenses to magnify objects.
Although their resolution is lower than that of electron microscopes, light microscopes suffice for viewing basic cell structures and are essential in recognising key organelles.
When stained with special dyes, specific organelles can be made visible and identified.
Components like the nucleus, some mitochondria, and chloroplasts in plant cells, are clear enough to be recognised under a light microscope.

Comparing Electron Microscopes and Light Microscopes

Compared to light microscopes, electron microscopes offer higher magnification and resolution, enabling detailed views of smaller organelles and even molecules.
However, only non-living, sectioned samples can be observed under an electron microscope, while light microscopes allow the study of living cells.

By interpreting images from both light microscopes and electron micrographs, a comprehensive understanding of the structures, locations, and functions of various cell organelles can be attained.