Management of Infectious Diseases

Section 1: Defining Infectious Diseases

Infectious diseases are disorders caused by harmful microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites.
These diseases can be spread, directly or indirectly, from person to person.
Examples include the common cold, influenza (flu), and highly infectious diseases like measles.

Section 2: Disease Transmission

Infectious diseases are spread through several routes: direct contact (touching or kissing), indirect contact (touching contaminated surfaces), droplet transmission (through coughing or sneezing), and vector-borne transmission (through insects like mosquitoes).

Section 3: Key Strategies to Manage Infectious Diseases

Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial in managing infectious diseases.
Antibiotics are used to treat bacterial infections, while antiviral medicines are used for certain viral infections.
Taking measures like hand hygiene, using tissues when coughing or sneezing, and wearing masks can help prevent the spread of these diseases.

Section 4: Role of Vaccination

Vaccination is one of the most effective ways to prevent infectious diseases. Vaccines stimulate the body’s immune system to build resistance against specific infections.
Some diseases, such as measles, mumps, and polio, can be prevented by vaccination.

Section 5: Public Health Measures to Prevent Infectious Diseases

Public health measures such as quarantines, isolation of sick individuals, and large-scale vaccinations can be implemented to prevent the spread of infectious diseases.
Safe food handling, provision of safe drinking water, and sanitation also play crucial roles in preventing infections.

In revision, familiarise yourself with different types of infectious diseases, how they spread, and methods to prevent their transmission. Understand the role of medicine, vaccination, and public health measures in managing these diseases.