Hindu understandings of equality

Section: Fundamental Principles of Equality

Hinduism is fundamentally rooted in the concept of Universal Oneness termed as Brahman, implying equal spiritual essence in all beings.
The Upanishads, ancient Hindu scriptures, emphasise Atman, the individual soul, which is the same in all beings.
The cycle of Samsara (birth, death and rebirth) applies to all beings, irrespective of their status, reinforcing the notion of spiritual equality.

Section: Scriptural References to Equality

The Rig Veda declares: “No one is superior, none inferior. All are brothers marching forward to prosperity.”
The Bhagavad Gita teaches that a wise person sees the same divine essence in an educated and humble scholar, an elephant, a cow, and even a dog or an outcast.
Through the law of Karma, the epics Mahabharata and Ramayana teach that everyone reaps the results of their actions, irrespective of their status or caste.

Section: Concept of Dharma and Equality

The concept of Dharma (duty/righteousness) states that each individual has a unique role in society, yet they are all equal in their contribution to social harmony.
Although ancient caste system (Varna system) was misinterpreted leading to inequalities, it was originally designed with the principle of Duty, not hierarchy.

Section: God and Equality in Hinduism

Hinduism personifies God in various forms and deities, reflecting the belief in universal accessibility of the divine.
Regardless of social status or gender, everyone can worship in their chosen way, signifying spiritual equality and freedom.

Section: Contemporary Understanding of Equality

Social reformers like Swami Vivekananda and Raja Ram Mohan Roy have emphatically preached about equality, unity and brotherhood, influencing contemporary practice.
Even though social inequalities persist due to cultural and regional practices, a strong current of reform continues aimed at reinforcing the ancient teachings of equality.
Movements towards abolishing the caste system and promoting gender equality display Hinduism’s adaptability and commitment towards equality.