The nature of reality

Section: Understanding of Reality in Hinduism

Brahman is the ultimate reality in Hinduism, often considered as the infinite, unchanging truth that is beyond human comprehension.
According to the Upanishads, “Brahman Satyam Jagat Mithya”, meaning ‘Brahman is the only truth, the world is illusion’.
The Vedantic Philosophy explains that the world as we perceive it, is a result of Avidya or ‘Ignorance’ caused by our sensory limitations.

Section: Relationship Between Brahman and Atman

Atman, the individual soul, is considered as the true self in Hindu thought.
Hindus believe that Atman is a part of the all-encompassing Brahman, similar to how a drop of water is a part of the ocean.
The aim of human life in Hindu philosophy is to realise this oneness (Atman-Brahman) through enlightenment or Moksha.

Section: Concept of Maya

Maya, often translated as ‘Illusion’, is a significant concept in understanding the Hindu nature of reality.
It means that our perception of the world is clouded by our attachments, desires, and ignorance, distorting reality.
The realisation of Maya is crucial to overcome Samsara (cycle of birth and death) and attain Moksha.

Section: Theory of Prakriti and Purusha

In Sankhya Philosophy, Prakriti (primal nature or matter) and Purusha (consciousness or self) are foundational aspects of reality.
Prakriti is seen as the cause of all material existence, while Purusha is the silent observer, unaffected by changes in Prakriti.

Section: The Interaction of Three Gunas

Reality is expressive in nature due to the interaction of the three Gunas – Sattva (Purity), Rajas (Activity), and Tamas (Inertia).
These three modes bind the self to the body and the world, maintaining the cycles of creation, preservation, and destruction.

Section: The Fourfold Order (Purushartha) of Reality

Life’s aims, Dharma (morality), Artha (wealth), Kama (desire), and Moksha (liberation), illustrate the reality of human experience from a Hindu perspective.
These goals ensure a balanced and fulfilling life encompassing both material and spiritual dimensions.