Men and Women

Traditional Views on Men and Women

• In Judaism, men and women have distinct roles often linked to biblical teachings and traditional practices.
• Men are obligated to perform certain commandments (mitzvot) such as studying the Torah while women are exempt due to their role in raising children.
• The Jewish view of the family puts a significant emphasis on women’s domestic roles, considering them as primary caregivers and nurturers.

Contemporary Views on Men and Women

• Over time, more progressive branches like Reform Judaism have pushed for gender equality in religious roles and duties.
• Progressive movements have led to ordination of women rabbis, directly challenging traditional gender roles.
• Women are increasingly seen in leadership roles, both in synagogues and communal Jewish organisations.

Women in Rituals and Worship

• Traditionally, in Orthodox synagogues, women and men sit separately to reduce distraction and maintain modesty. This practice is named mehitzah.
• In more liberal Jewish communities, seating is often unsegregated and women also lead prayer services.
• More progressive communities also encourage women to wear tallit (prayer shawl), tefillin (phylacteries), and read from the Torah, which are traditionally male practices.

Changing Attitudes Toward Gender Equality

• Attitudes within Judaism have been changing, especially among younger generations, and the discussion about gender equality is becoming more prevalent.
• More Jewish communities are supporting the egalitarian movement, pushing for equal participation and representation in religious services.
• However, there remains a divide between progressive and orthodox communities, with the latter maintaining more traditional gender roles.