The nature of reality

Islamic Understanding of Reality

In Islam, reality is perceived as two key realms: the seen world (‘Dunya’) and the unseen world (‘Ghayb’).
‘Dunya’ refers to the physical or material world, which humans can experience through their senses.
‘Ghayb’ signifies that which is beyond human perception, including divine beings, the Afterlife, destiny and many aspects of the divine realm.

‘Dunya’, although real, is considered as temporary and a test ground for humans. It’s in this world that Muslims believe they are tested by Allah through various trials.
Earthly life is viewed as a vessel that prepares the soul for its eternal life. Muslims are encouraged to not be overly attached to this material world and its luxuries.
Good actions and righteous behaviour in the ‘Dunya’ earn rewards (‘Thawab’) that benefit individuals in the eternal life.

The unseen world ‘Ghayb’ represents the eternal and ultimate reality. It includes heaven and hell, angels, and the divine attributes of Allah.
Faith in ‘Ghayb’ is one of the six articles of faith in Islam. Muslims are expected to believe in it without witnessing it.
Beliefs about ‘Ghayb’ influence everyday actions and life choices of Muslims as they strive to live a life pleasing to Allah for eternal success.

Muslims believe human perception is limited and can’t fully comprehend the divine reality.
Human understanding is restricted by the capacity of the senses and intellect, so there are aspects of divine reality that will always be beyond grasping.
This is why reliance on divine revelation, such as the Qur’an and Hadith, is central in forming an understanding of ultimate reality.

The Qur’an is viewed as the final, perfect and divine revelation that provides guidance to understand and navigate both ‘Dunya’ and ‘Ghayb’.
Qur’an addresses various aspects of unseen reality, such as life after death, day of judgement, heaven and hell, the existence and roles of angels, and divine attributes.
By following the teachings and guidance of the Qur’an, Muslims aspire to successfully navigate ‘Dunya’ and secure a place in eternal paradise (‘Jannah’).