Respiratory Malfunctions - Causes and Effects on the Individual – Level 3 Health and Social Care Cambridge Technical Revision

Respiratory malfunctions refer to diseases, conditions, or structural problems in the human respiratory system that impair normal breathing.
They can negatively affect gas exchange processes, delivery of oxygen to the body, and the removal of carbon dioxide.
These consequences can significantly impact an individual’s health, well-being, and quality of life.

Asthma is a chronic condition causing inflammation and narrowing of the bronchial tubes.
It can be triggered by allergens, infections, or stress.
Symptoms can range from minor to severe and include wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness, and coughing.
On a long-term basis, uncontrolled asthma can lead to permanent damage to the bronchial tubes (airway remodelling) and lung damage.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) primarily includes two types of lung diseases: emphysema and chronic bronchitis.
It’s majorly caused by long-term exposure to lung irritants, especially tobacco smoke.
Symptoms include difficulty breathing, mucus production, wheezing, and a chronic cough.
Over time, cardiac problems and respiratory failure may occur, limiting veterans’ ability to perform routine activities, impacting overall life quality.

Pneumonia is a form of acute respiratory infection that affects the alveoli in the lungs.
It is typically caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi.
Symptoms include chest pain, fever, coughing, and difficulty breathing.
Severe pneumonia can cause respiratory failure, sepsis, or death if untreated, reinforcing the importance of early diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

Lung cancer refers to the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in one or both lungs.
The primary cause is smoking, though it can also occur in non-smokers due to causes like exposure to radon gas or second-hand smoke.
Symptoms may include a persistent cough, breathlessness, unexplained weight loss, or recurrent chest infections.
Lung cancer has both physical and psychological impacts on individuals, including pain, fatigue, anxiety, and depression.

Recognising the causes and effects of these disorders not only enriches our understanding of human physiology but also equips us to provide the necessary support and care.
Interventions range from lifestyle modifications to pharmacological treatments and breathing therapies, which can aid in disease management and enhance the individual’s health and quality of life.
Knowledge of these malfunctions is crucial within Health and Social Care, supporting the design and delivery of personalised care plans and strategies.