Methods of Contraception

Methods of Contraception

##Definition

  • Contraception refers to the methods used to prevent pregnancy.
  • These methods can be hormonal, barrier, intrauterine devices (IUDs), sterilisation, or emergency contraceptives.

##Hormonal Methods

  • The pill contains hormones that prevent ovulation and thicken cervical mucus to keep sperm from reaching the egg.
  • The contraceptive patch is worn on the skin and releases hormones that prevent ovulation.
  • The vaginal ring is inserted into the vagina and releases hormones to prevent pregnancy.
  • Injection releases a hormone progestogen into your bloodstream to prevent pregnancy.
  • Implants are small flexible rods that are placed under the skin of your upper arm and release hormones.

##Barrier Methods

  • Condoms (both male and female) provides a physical barrier to stop sperm from meeting an egg.
  • Diaphragms and caps are inserted into the vagina, before sex, and cover the cervix to stop sperm from reaching an egg.

##Intrauterine Devices (IUDs)

  • Copper IUD can kill sperm and make the womb lining less suitable for a fertilised egg.
  • Hormonal IUD releases progesterone into the uterus, preventing the sperm from reaching the egg and fertilizing it.

##Sterilisation

  • This is a permanent method of contraception, suitable for people who are sure they never want children or do not want more children.
  • Vasectomy (male sterilisation) involves cutting, blocking or sealing the tubes that carry sperm.
  • Female sterilisation prevents the eggs from travelling down the tubes to meet a sperm.

##Emergency Contraception

  • This can be used if a contraceptive method fails (like a condom break), or if no contraception was used.
  • It includes emergency contraceptive pills (“morning-after pills”) or an IUD.
  • These methods are not meant to be used as a regular form of contraception and are less effective than regular methods.

##Importance in Health and Social Care

  • Health and social care providers should have thorough knowledge of different contraception methods to provide accurate information and advice to service users.
  • Providers should also respect the personal beliefs and preferences of individuals when discussing contraceptive options.
  • Confidentiality is key when discussing contraception and sexual health; this must always be maintained by health and social care professionals.