Types of Learning Disabilities

A wide range of learning disabilities exists, each with its own specific traits and challenges. It’s important to understand each type to provide the appropriate care and support.

Dyscalculia is a specific learning disability related to a person’s ability to understand numbers and maths.
Individuals with dyscalculia often struggle with tasks revolving around numeracy, such as counting, telling the time, or understanding mathematical symbols.

Dyslexia is a learning disability that affects the skill involved in reading and spelling words.
It involves difficulties with processing and understanding written language, which affects reading fluency, decoding, and comprehension.
It’s important to emphasise that dyslexia does not have an impact on a person’s intelligence.

Dyspraxia relates to a person’s coordination skills. This condition affects physical coordination causing difficulties with movement and perception.
Despite being primarily physical, it can also affect speech, thought, and the ability to organise tasks.

Dysgraphia is a learning disability that impacts a person’s writing abilities.
Those affected by dysgraphia may struggle with the physical act of writing, the understanding of written language, and the ability to express their thoughts in writing.

Non-Verbal Learning Disabilities (NVLDs) are ones that affect social interaction due to trouble interpreting nonverbal cues like facial expressions or body language.
Everyday tasks such as organising, planning and recognising patterns may also be challenging for individuals with NVLDs.

APD impacts the way the brain processes auditory information, which may affect the understanding and use of spoken language.
Children with APD may find it challenging to follow oral instructions or to distinguish between similar-sounding words.

Visual Perceptual/Visual Motor Deficit impairs a person’s understanding of visual information, such as distinguishing between similar-looking letters or objects.
This condition often affects reading and spelling abilities, hand-eye coordination, and drawing skills.

There are other less common types of learning disabilities that may affect specific areas, including language (spoken and written), ability to follow directions, or concentration and attention (commonly ADHD).
A learning disability can also be associated with another condition, such as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). These conditions often require more complex care and support strategies.
Note: Each learning disability is unique to the individual and can occur on a spectrum from mild to severe. Hence, a holistic understanding of each type is crucial for providing comprehensive support.