Causes of Learning Disabilities

Learning disabilities typically arise from irregularities in the brain. These can occur either before birth, during birth or in the early stages of childhood.
Such irregularities can be due to genetics, illness or injury, and they can affect the brain’s structure, function or overall development.

In many cases, learning disabilities can be hereditary, meaning they can be passed down in families through genes.
Genetic conditions like Down’s Syndrome or Fragile X Syndrome are often associated with learning disabilities.
Phenylketonuria (PKU) and sickle cell anaemia are examples of inherited disorders that can lead to a learning disability if not treated early.

Disruptions in brain development during the early stages of foetal formation can lead to learning disabilities. These disruptions can be due to drug or alcohol use during pregnancy, maternal malnutrition, viral infections, or exposure to toxins.
Complications during childbirth such as oxygen deprivation (hypoxia) or injuries during labour can negatively impact the baby’s brain development, possibly resulting in a learning disability.

Early childhood illnesses like meningitis or encephalitis, or severe head injuries, can influence a child’s cognitive development, leading to learning disabilities.
Exposure to environmental toxins such as lead, especially in a situation of severe malnutrition, can also contribute to the onset of learning disabilities.

The term ‘learning disability’ does not apply to issues stemming from societal or cultural differences, and it does not include learning problems caused by visual, hearing or mobility impairments
Also, learning disabilities are not the same as mental health disorders, though they can coexist with conditions such as ADHD and ASD (autism spectrum disorder).
Most importantly, a person with learning disabilities can hold unique perspectives and contribute to society in remarkable ways with adequate support and opportunities.