Fluid Balance

Fluid balance is critical to the body because it maintains hydration, which is necessary to keep every cell, tissue, and organ functioning optimally.

Water is vital as it helps regulate body temperature, lubricates joints, aids digestion and nutrient absorption, and supports cellular health.
Approximately 60% of the human body is made up of water.
Daily needs vary but the general recommendation is least 2 litres of water daily, but this can increase with exercise and in hot weather.

Dehydration occurs when there is a significant loss of body water, disrupting the body’s normal functioning.
Symptoms may include dry mouth, fatigue, dizziness, less frequent urination, and dark coloured urine.
Severe dehydration can have critical effects like delirium, unconsciousness, or even death.

Conversely, overhydration (water intoxication) happens when there’s too much water in the body, leading to a dilution of crucial electrolytes.
This can cause harmful effects such as confusion, nausea, seizures or life-threatening conditions like hyponatremia.

Electrolytes like sodium, potassium, chloride and bicarbonate are crucial in maintaining fluid balance.
These help regulate muscle function, pH levels, and water distribution across body compartments.
Imbalanced electrolytes can lead to muscle weakness, irregular heartbeat, changes in blood pressure.

In a health and social care context, ensuring patients maintain good hydration is key in preventing medical issues, from urinary tract infections to pressure sores.
Often, certain vulnerable groups need extra care to maintain fluid balance like older individuals, infants, and those with chronic illnesses.
Hence, healthcare providers need to monitor fluid intake and output, educate about the importance of staying well-hydrated, and adapt to individual hydration needs.