Theories of Development

Understand the aspects of child development: Child development refers to the biological, psychological and emotional changes that happen in humans from birth to the end of adolescence.
Jean Piaget’s theory of cognitive development: This theory outlines four stages of cognitive development in children which are the sensorimotor stage (from birth to age 2), preoperational stage (from ages 2 to 7), concrete operational stage (from ages 7 to 11) and formal operational stage (normally developing after age 11).
Sigmund Freud’s psychosexual theory: Freud proposed a series of five stages of psychosexual development: oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital. Each stage represents a different focus of pleasure and conflict.
Erik Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development: According to Erickson, each individual has to pass through a series of eight interrelated stages over the entire life cycle. Each stage consists of a unique developmental task that confronts individuals with a crisis that must be resolved.
Albert Bandura’s social learning theory: This theory emphasises the importance of observational learning, imitation and modelling. According to Bandura, learning is a cognitive process that takes place in a social context.
Understanding Maslow’s hierarchy of needs: This theory prioritises needs into five categories: physiological needs, safety and security, love and belonging, esteem, and self-actualization.
The importance of play theories such as Montessori, Reggio Emilia and Forest School: These theories emphasise how play can help children develop important cognitive, physical, social, and emotional skills.
Applying this knowledge to assess children’s developmental support needs: Once you are familiar with these different theories, you will be better equipped to understand the development needs of children in different stages and address those needs effectively.
Understanding the influence of nature vs. nurture: Scholarly consensus is that development is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Each theory places differing emphases on nature and nurture.
Understanding how diversity factors into child development: Children’s development is also affected by multiple social factors including race, culture, gender, and socio-economic status. Recognizing and addressing these factors is vital in assessing children’s needs and providing them with appropriate support.
Use of professional observations and assessments: Knowledge gained from study of developmental theories can be applied practically to assess children’s development regularly and monitor their progress.

Remember to revise each theory in depth, focusing on its key concepts and potential applications in a Health and Social Care setting.