Further Uses of Micro-Organisms

Micro-organisms are utilised in the production of vaccines. Vaccines contain weakened or dead parts of micro-organisms that trigger an immune response in the body. Subsequent exposure to the same microorganism will result in a faster and stronger immune response.
Many food products are produced through the assistance of micro-organisms. For instance, yeast, a type of fungi, helps with the fermentation process in bread baking and alcohol production. Lactic acid bacteria are used in yoghurt and cheese production.
Bioremediation is another significant use of micro-organisms. Certain micro-organisms can break down hazardous substances and pollutants, making them less harmful or harmless. These microbes can be used to clean up oil spills or contaminated soil and water.
Micro-organisms can also produce biofuels. Certain types of bacteria and algae can produce ethanol or biodiesel, which provide a renewable source of energy.
Micro-organisms play crucial roles in waste management. In composting and sewage treatment, micro-organisms are used to break down organic matter, making it safer and easier to dispose of or reuse.
Micro-organisms are also used in genetic engineering and biotechnology. Scientists use bacteria and viruses to clone genes or produce genetically modified organisms.
Some micro-organisms are being explored for potential uses in healthcare. Certain types of bacteria are thought to have beneficial effects on human health, and can be used in probiotic supplements.
In the field of agriculture, micro-organisms are key for nitrogen fixation in the soil, essential for plant growth. Certain types of bacteria help convert nitrogen gas into a form that plants can use.
Antibiotics are produced from micro-organisms such as fungi and bacteria. They produce substances that inhibit the growth of or kill other micro-organisms.
Micro-organisms are used in the manufacturing of various vitamins and enzymes. For example, bacteria are used in the production of vitamin B12 and fungal enzymes are used in the production of fruit juices.
Micro-organisms play a significant role in the ecological balance. They assist in carbon and nitrogen cycling, maintaining soil fertility, and decomposing organic materials.