Social Factors that Affect Development

Social Factors that Affect Development

  • Social factors refer to aspects of society, interactions with others and the wider social environment which can influence human development.

  • Family structure and dynamics: This includes whether a child lives with both parents, one parent, or in a blended family. They can impact emotional, social, and intellectual development. Changes to family structure, for instance, divorce or a new sibling, can also influence these areas of development.

  • Socioeconomic status: This encompasses wealth, occupation, education level and income. Children from higher socioeconomic backgrounds often have greater access to resources, experiences and educational opportunities, whilst those from lower socioeconomic backgrounds may face more challenges in terms of access to resources, health, education, and safety.

  • Community and neighbourhood conditions: Access to safe recreational facilities, exposure to crime/violence or living in a community with high social cohesion can significantly influence development.

  • Peer relationships: Interactions with friends play a major role in social development, shaping behaviour, social skills, self-esteem and character traits.

  • Cultural influences: The cultural and ethnic backgrounds of individuals can influence attitudes, belief systems, and behaviour. This can impact areas of development such as cognitive and moral growth.

  • Educational opportunities: The quality of education and learning resources available can greatly affect cognitive development, future career prospects and quality of life.

  • Social policies and legislation: Policies relating to education, health and social welfare can impact opportunities and life chances. For example, access to free schooling or local healthcare services can promote positive development.

  • Technology: Our digital, connected society can influence development - for example it can impact social skills, learning opportunities, communication styles, and even physical health.

  • Exposure to Discrimination: Experiencing prejudice based on gender, race, religion, disability or socioeconomic status can greatly impact self-esteem, mental health and opportunities, therefore influencing development considerably.