X-Rays

  • X-rays are a type of electromagnetic radiation, similar to light but with much higher energy. They were discovered by Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen in 1895.

  • The energy of X-rays allows them to penetrate many materials, including body tissues. This makes them useful for medical imaging.

  • In medical applications, an X-ray machine sends a beam of X-rays through the patient’s body. Dense tissues such as bones absorb more X-rays and appear white on the X-ray film. Less dense tissues allow more X-rays to pass through and appear darker.

  • X-ray imaging can help detect fractures, infections, blocked blood vessels, and tumours among others.

  • The amount of radiation exposure from X-rays is low but not insignificant. Repeated exposure over time can increase the risk of cancers and other health effects.

  • X-ray imaging procedures include traditional X-ray examinations, fluoroscopy (real-time X-ray imaging), computed tomography (CT scans which produce a series of cross-sectional images) and mammography (specialised X-rays for detecting breast cancer).

  • Digital radiography has replaced traditional film-based X-ray imaging in many applications. This method provides the advantage of instant image preview and availability, easier image enhancement for better diagnosis and less radiation exposure.

  • Protection measures during X-ray procedures include lead aprons to minimise radiation exposure to other parts of the body and the use of the smallest radiation dose possible to create a clear image.

  • In addition to medical uses, X-rays are used in various fields such as security, material testing, radiography, radiation therapy and scientific research.

  • The science of X-ray imaging is continually advancing. New techniques such as dual-energy X-ray scanning and spectral (colour) X-ray imaging are being developed to provide more detailed and informative imaging.

  • As part of a comprehensive understanding of health care, it’s crucial to be aware of the challenges associated with X-rays, like maintaining patient safety and ensuring correct diagnosis.