Other Techniques Used in Haematology

Haematology is a branch of medicine that focuses on the study, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases related to the blood. It involves multiple techniques to investigate blood samples and diagnose the patients.
One important technique is the Blood Count, or Complete Blood Count (CBC), which provides information about the count of different blood cells including red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), and platelets. It helps in diagnosing conditions like anaemia, infections or diseases like leukaemia.
Blood Smear Examination involves placing a drop of blood on a microscope slide, smearing it, staining it with special dyes, and then examining it under the microscope. It gives information about the shape, size, and condition of the blood cells, which helps in diagnosing various disorders.
Flow Cytometry is another technique which uses light to detect biological characteristics of cells or particles, helping to classify and sort cells based on their properties. It is most frequently used to diagnose and monitor blood cancers.
Blood Clotting Tests are used to determine how long it takes for a clot to form in a blood sample, aiding in diagnosing conditions like haemophilia or thrombosis.
Bone Marrow Examination involves the taking of a small amount of bone marrow, usually from the hip, to be examined under a microscope. This can provide information about blood cell production and can identify conditions like leukaemia or lymphoma.
Blood Cultures are performed when a systemic infection is suspected. They involve incubating a blood sample to encourage the growth of bacteria or fungi, which can then be identified and treated.
Molecular tests, like Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and Next Generation Sequencing (NGS), are used to identify genetic mutations or infections at a molecular level.
Haemoglobin Electrophoresis is a technique used to separate and identify different types of haemoglobin in a blood sample. It helps in diagnosing conditions like thalassaemia and sickle cell anaemia.
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) is often used in haematology to detect the presence of antibodies or antigens in the blood, which can indicate an immune response to a particular pathogen or disease.
Cross Matching tests are performed before a blood transfusion to ensure that the donated blood does not react negatively with the recipient’s blood, reducing the risk of complications.

Always remember to practise safety protocols when working with blood samples, including using appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), proper disposal of used materials, and good hand hygiene.