Biochemical Investigation

I. Introduction to Biochemical Investigations:

  • This process involves the use of biological materials, often body fluids or tissue samples, to identify different biomolecules, study metabolic processes, or diagnose diseases.
  • The data from these investigations can provide valuable insights into someone’s health status or the function of a biological system.

II. Types of Biochemical Investigations:

  • Blood Tests: Used to measure the levels of various substances in the blood such as glucose, proteins, electrolytes, and enzymes. This can help identify any abnormalities and potential health problems.
  • Urine Tests: Used to detect abnormalities in the composition of urine which could be indicative of various health problems.
  • DNA Tests: Utilize molecular biology techniques to identify a person’s genetic makeup and help inspect for genetic disorders.

III. Key Biochemical Substances:

  • Enzymes: Proteins that speed up biochemical reactions, essential for all metabolic processes.
  • Hormones: Chemical messengers that regulate many physiological processes in the body.
  • Nucleic Acids (DNA and RNA): The genetic material of all living organisms, involved in protein synthesis and heredity.
  • Proteins: Essential for cell structure, function, and regulation of body tissues and organs.
  • Lipids: A group of fats and fat-like substances that are important for cell membrane structure and energy storage.
  • Carbohydrates: Main source of energy for the body.

IV. Techniques Used in Biochemical Investigations:

  • Spectrophotometry: Quantifies the concentration of a substance by measuring the amount of light absorbed.
  • Electrophoresis: Used to separate molecules based on size and charge.
  • Chromatography: Separates a mixture into its individual components.
  • Immunoassays: Uses the reaction of antibodies to detect biochemical substances.

V. Importance of Biochemical Investigations in Health and Social Care:

  • Helps in the early detection, diagnosis, and management of various diseases.
  • Provides insights into a person’s nutritional status and the impact of certain lifestyle choices.
  • Essential in genetic counselling and prenatal screening.
  • Provides evidence-based data for prescribing treatments and monitoring their effectiveness.
  • Aids in public health decisions, such as screening programs and health promotion campaigns.