Definitions of Disability

Disability, as defined by the Equality Act 2010 in UK law, is a physical or mental impairment that has a long term (defined as 12 months or more) and substantial (i.e., more than minor or trivial) adverse effect on an individual’s ability to perform normal daily activities.
The World Health Organization defines disability as an impairment of body structure or function, a limitation in activities or a restriction in participation due to an interaction between an individual with a health condition and their environment.
Chronic, long-term health conditions such as heart disease, diabetes, and cancer can also be classified as disabilities if they substantially affect a person’s daily activities.
Different types of disabilities include physical, intellectual, sensory (affecting senses like vision or hearing), and mental health conditions.
Disability can affect individuals in different ways. The same condition can impact two individuals very differently depending on factors such as their overall health, support network, and environment.
It’s important to remember that not all disabilities are visible. Examples of invisible disabilities include dyslexia, mental health conditions, and conditions like fibromyalgia or chronic fatigue syndrome.
Those with disabilities often face additional barriers to inclusion in many aspects of society. This includes in education, employment, and social activities.
It’s important to note that disability, is just one aspect of a person’s identity and people with disabilities have the same rights and should be afforded the same opportunities as those without.
In the context of health and social care, understanding the definitions and implications of disability can support more inclusive and appropriate care, ensuring those with additional needs are properly supported.
Adaptation, reasonable adjustments and personalised care are pivotal when supporting an individual with a disability. These could range from wheelchair ramps and accessible entrances to specialised learning tools and adjustments in communication methods.
A disability-oriented approach in care seeks to empower the individual, promoting their autonomy and overall well-being while addressing their unique needs.