Causes of Infection

Infections are caused by pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, and parasites. These microorganisms can be present in the air, water, soil, animals, and people.
Bacteria are single-celled organisms that can multiply rapidly under favourable conditions; some strains produce toxins that can cause disease.
Viruses are tiny infectious agents that can only replicate inside a host cell; they can cause diseases like colds, flu, and Covid-19.
Fungi, commonly known as moulds or yeasts, can cause superficial infections like ringworm and athlete’s foot, or serious systemic infections in people with compromised immune systems.
Protozoa are single-celled organisms that can cause diseases like malaria and amoebic dysentery by invading and damaging tissues.
Parasites like worms, ticks, and mites can cause infections like tapeworm, lice, and scabies.
Infections can be transmitted in various ways: through direct contact with an infected person, indirect contact with surfaces contaminated by pathogens, airborne transmission when pathogens are carried by dust or droplets, and vector-borne transmission via insects or animals.
Poor sanitation and hygiene practises, close contact with infected individuals, weak immune system, poor nutrition, and exposure to contaminated food, water or environment can increase the risk of infection.
Health care-associated infections (HAIs) are a significant concern. These infections can be acquired in hospitals or other healthcare facilities, and can be caused by medical procedures or the use of medical devices like catheters or respirators.
Understanding the causative agents of infection and modes of transmission is fundamental in preventing and controlling the spread of infection at both individual and community levels.