Effects of Dementia on Quality of Life and Wellbeing

Dementia affects an individual’s quality of life and wellbeing significantly, due to changes in their cognitive and physical abilities.
Cognitive Effects:
- Memory Loss: The most common effect, causing individuals to forget recent events, familiar faces and may even struggle with recollection of personal history and identity.
- Difficulty Communicating: People suffering from dementia often have trouble finding the right words or understanding others.
- Impaired Judgement: As dementia progresses, it may affect the person’s ability to make sound decisions. They may struggle with everyday tasks such as managing finances or making a cup of tea.
Physical Effects:
- Reduced Mobility: Dementia may result in balance problems, increased frailty, and reduced coordination, which can restrict independence and increase risk of falls and injury.
- Difficulty with Self-care: Basic tasks such as eating, bathing, dressing, and toileting can become challenging. This can lead to issues with hygiene and nutrition.
- Disturbed Sleep Patterns: Individuals may also experience insomnia, night-time wandering or changes to their sleep schedule.
Psychological and Emotional Effects:
- Depression and Anxiety: Changes in brain functions can lead to feelings of sadness, fear or worry, exacerbating the cognitive effects of the disease.
- Agitation and Distress: Personality changes and lack of understanding of their surroundings can cause confusion and frustration.
- Social Isolation: Due to communication difficulties and stigma, people with dementia may become isolated from social groups they were involved with, magnifying feelings of loneliness.
The effects on quality of life can trigger a negative cycle. For instance, physical immobility can lead to social isolation, which may increase feelings of loneliness and despair.
It is important to note that every person affected by dementia experiences it in a unique way. The signs and symptoms may vary, and they will progress at different rates.
Providing patient-centred care that focuses on preserving dignity, promoting autonomy and fostering social interactions can support individuals with dementia and improve their quality of life. These measures may include regular physical activity, social engagement, mental stimulation, maintaining a healthy diet and getting enough sleep.
It is also crucial for carers to be aware of their own wellbeing. Dealing with dementia can be stressful, leading to caregiver strain. Support and resources for caregivers can help to ensure their own physical and mental wellbeing, which in turn allows them to provide better care.