Principles of Metabolism

Metabolism refers to all chemical reactions within a living organism that allow it to grow, reproduce, maintain its structures, and respond to its environment.
Metabolism is broken down into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of complex substances into simpler ones, and anabolism, the building up of simpler substances into more complex ones.
An example of a catabolic process is digestion, where complex foods are broken down into simple nutrients that the body can use.
An example of an anabolic process is tissue growth, where simple amino acids are combined to form complex proteins to build muscle tissue.
Enzymes play a key role in metabolism as they act as catalysts to speed up chemical reactions within cells.
Nutrients and oxygen are required for metabolic processes. These are absorbed from the diet and the surroundings and delivered to the cells via the bloodstream.
Energy is released during metabolic processes. This energy is stored in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and used when needed for activities such as contracting muscles or maintaining body temperature.
Metabolic rate refers to the speed at which metabolic processes occur within an organism. Factors such as age, sex, genetic predisposition, level of physical activity, and external temperature can influence metabolic rate.
A balanced diet, regular exercise, adequate hydration, and sleep can all contribute to maintaining a healthy metabolism.
Metabolic disorders, such as diabetes and hypothyroidism, can occur if the body’s metabolism is not functioning properly. These conditions require medical treatment and sometimes lifestyle changes.
The liver plays an essential role in metabolism, including the detoxification of harmful substances, production of bile for digestion, and regulation of nutrients in the blood.
The Krebs Cycle (also known as the Citric Acid Cycle) is a key metabolic pathway. It is involved in the chemical conversion of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins into carbon dioxide and water to generate a form of usable energy.
Photosynthesis in plants is also a metabolic process where light energy from the sun is converted into chemical energy in the form of glucose. This energy is then used in other metabolic processes within the plant.

Remember to keep revising these points regularly to understand the principles of metabolism thoroughly.