Physiological responses to injury

Physiological Responses to Injury

The Inflammatory Response

  • Injury to the body, such as a sprain, bruise or fracture, triggers an inflammatory response as the body’s natural defence mechanism.
  • This response includes an increase in blood flow to the area, which leads to redness, heat, swelling, and pain.
  • The primary functions of the inflammatory response are to remove damaged cells, limit the spread of damage, and initiate tissue repair.

Pain as a Protecting Mechanism

  • When injury occurs, the body responds by producing pain. This acts as a protecting mechanism, signalling to the individual that something is wrong.
  • Pain can deter further movement or use of the injured area, aiding in prevention of further harm.
  • The level of pain can vary depending on the nature and extent of the injury, as well as the individual’s pain tolerance.

The Role of Repair and Regeneration

  • The body has the innate ability to repair itself and regenerate new tissue in response to injury.
  • Healing processes begin almost instantly after injury, with the production of new cells to replace the damaged ones.
  • This process can take time, and the duration can vary significantly depending on the type of injury, the overall health of the individual, and how well the injury is looked after post-event.

Stress Response and Hormones

  • Injury can trigger a stress response within the body, leading to the release of various hormones including adrenaline and cortisol.
  • These hormones can increase the heart rate, breathing rate, and blood pressure, preparing the body for ‘fight or flight’.
  • Excessive or prolonged stress responses can hamper the body’s ability to recover or increase the risk of further injury.

Immune Response to Injury

  • The immune system plays a crucial role in recognising and reacting to injury, helping to protect the body from infection and disease.
  • Cells known as leukocytes or white blood cells, mobilise to eliminate pathogens that may enter through the wound, reducing the likelihood of infection.
  • A robust immune response is vital to a healthy recovery, ensuring the proper repair and regeneration of the injured area.