Identifying Risks and Hazards

Risk is the potential for something to go wrong, while a hazard is something that can cause harm.
Carrying out a thorough risk assessment is key to identify and control hazards.
The identification of risks and hazards should not only be done before the activity but also continually during the activity as conditions can change unpredictably.
Part of this process can include identifying safe areas, checking equipment, checking for weather changes, and regularly updating procedures based on new information.

Common Risks and Hazards in Water-Based Activities

Water conditions such as strong currents, tides, waves or temperatures could present major risks. It’s essential to understand these conditions and how they can impact safety.
Weather changes can quickly turn a fun activity into a dangerous situation. This can include storms, high winds, and lightning.
The presence of dangerous flora and fauna such as jellyfish or waterborne diseases can also create hazards.
Human error contributes to many water-based accidents. This includes lack of knowledge, flouting safety rules and overconfidence in one’s abilities.

Equip everyone with the necessary safety equipment including life jackets, helmets, ropes, and depending on the activity, additional protective gear.
Provide appropriate training to everyone involved in the activities. This implies teaching them about all the methods to ensure safety while carrying out water-based activities.
Regularly maintain and inspect equipment to ensure that everything is in good working order and does not present a hazard.
Develop clear emergency procedures and make sure everyone is aware of them before commencing activities.
Constantly monitor the environment and weather to stay aware of any changes which may increase the risk level. If necessary, postpone or cancel the activity until conditions are safe.
Encourage a culture of safety where everyone is responsible for their own safety and that of others.

Be aware of the local natural environment and the risks it presents. For example, rocks can be slippery or sharp and may pose dangers.
Remember to respect local wildlife and avoid disturbing habitats.
Adjust activities as required to minimise harm to the environment, and discourage environmentally harmful actions such as littering.