Short-term effects of exercise on the musculoskeletal system

Short-Term Effects of Exercise on the Musculoskeletal System

Increased Blood Supply

  • During exercise, blood flow increases to the active muscles.
  • This is due to vasodilation (widening of the blood vessels) which occurs at the site of the working muscles.
  • This results in an increased supply of oxygen and nutrients to these muscles to help maintain and increase the level of activity.

Muscle Temperature

  • Exercise leads to an increase in muscle temperature.
  • The rise in temperature makes muscles more supple and pliable, which could result in an increase in speed and force of contractions.
  • Warming up before exercising can help to prevent injuries as warmer muscles are more flexible and less likely to tear.

Increased Range of Movement

  • Exercise enhances the synovial fluid circulation which lubricates the joint and reduces friction between the cartilage and other tissues in the joint.
  • This helps to facilitate a greater, more comfortable range of movement during exercise.

Micro-Tears

  • High-intensity or new forms of exercise can create micro-tears in the muscle fibres.
  • Although this results in temporary muscle soreness (also known as delayed onset muscle soreness or DOMS), in the long term it assists in strengthening and building the muscle.

Lactic Acid Build Up

  • During intense exercise, when the body cannot provide muscles with enough oxygen, lactic acid is produced.
  • The build-up of lactic acid in the muscles results in fatigue and a burning sensation.
  • Understanding this allows participants to manage their pace and intensity during exercise.

Muscle Fatigue

  • After sustained periods of exercise, the muscles will begin to tire and lose the ability to contract effectively.
  • This is known as muscle fatigue and is caused by depletion of essential fuel stores and lactic acid build-up.
  • Recognising the signs of muscle fatigue can prevent potential injury.

Remember, knowledge of the short-term effects of exercise on the musculoskeletal system can help to improve both performance and safety during exercise.