Glycolysis/lactic acid anaerobic system

Glycolysis: Introduction

Glycolysis is the first stage of the anaerobic energy system.
It begins in the cytoplasm of the cell and breaks down glucose to produce pyruvic acid and Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP).
This anaerobic process does not require the presence of oxygen.

Glycolysis: Process

One molecule of glucose (a six-carbon sugar) is split into two molecules of three-carbon pyruvate.
This splitting of glucose releases two ATP molecules which are used to power muscular activity.
Glycolysis is a rapid process, providing the energy needed for high intensity activities lasting a few seconds to a minute.

Lactic Acid Anaerobic System: Introduction

The lactic acid anaerobic system is also known as the anaerobic glycolysis system or the lactate system.
It activates when the body needs to generate energy quickly and in short bursts, such as during sprinting or powerlifting.

Lactic Acid Anaerobic System: Process

If the body doesn’t have enough oxygen to break down glucose using the aerobic energy system (aerobic respiration), it starts to break it down into lactic acid through this anaerobic process.
During high intensity activities, pyruvic acid is converted into lactic acid, which is dissipated into the blood stream and later removed from the body.
This process also produces two ATP molecules, providing immediate energy.
Over time, lactic acid can accumulate in the muscles, causing fatigue and a burning sensation known as lactic acidosis.

Importance in Sports

It’s crucial for sports performers to understand these energy systems because they are used differently depending on the demands of their specific sport.
Shorter durations of high intensity effort like sprinting or high jumps rely more heavily on the lactic acid system, while endurance and lower intensity sports utilise the aerobic system.
Training can improve the efficiency of these systems, supporting performance and reducing fatigue.