Media Language: Linear Narratives (Todorov)

The concept of linear narratives was developed by structuralist literary theorist, Tzvetan Todorov.
Todorov suggested narratives generally follow a certain structure: a state of equilibrium at the start, which is disrupted by some kind of conflict or complication, leading to a resolution that restores equilibrium.
The linear narrative structure can be broken down into five stages: Equilibrium – Disruption – Recognition of Disruption – Attempt to Repair Disruption – New Equilibrium.
This framework can be applied across different types of media including books, films, games, and more.

Linear narratives follow a clear progression (beginning, middle, and end) in presenting the story.
The initial equilibrium provides the audience with a sense of normality. This is often used to establish characters and setting.
The disruption offers a dramatic plot twist which incites tension and excitement for the audience.
The attempt to repair disruption and the new equilibrium brings a sense of closure – the story problem is resolved, leading to a new stable state.

In films and TV shows, the narrative conflict can often be seen as a struggle between the protagonist and antagonist.
In news journalism, this narrative structure might be presented as a problem – solution narrative.
The final resolution stage not only brings closure, but can leave open certain elements or pose new questions for potential sequels or continuing series.

Linear narratives offer a familiar structure which can provide comfort to the audience – they know what to expect from the narrative flow.
The narrative disruption acts as a hook to keep the audience engaged and invested in the narrative.
The resolution stage provides satisfaction to the audience, signalling that the conflict has been resolved and harmony is restored.

Popular films like Star Wars or Harry Potter series follow the linear narrative structure - examine their specific instances of equilibrium, disruption and resolution.
In news media, track the Todorov narrative theory through problem and solution based stories.
Look at classic literature pieces or simple fairy tales as they often embody the linear narrative structure.