Jerusalem: language

Language in Jerusalem

Dialect and colloquialisms: Jerusalem is rich in regional dialect and slang, authentically reflecting the language of the rural, working-class English setting in which it is based.
Characterisation: The use of dialect helps to shape and define each character, offering glimpses into their upbringing and socio-economic status.

Dominance of monologues: The play’s structure is significantly composed of lengthy monologues, often delivered by Johnny ‘Rooster’ Byron. These monologues provide deeper insights into Byron’s character and his worldview.
Storytelling: The monologues also serve as a medium of storytelling, conveying the myths, legends, and folktales that are central to the narrative of Jerusalem.

Raw and unfiltered language: Jerusalem contains strong and consistent use of profanity. This could be interpreted as a way to maintain the authenticity of the language and to reflect the frank, gonzo philosophy of life displayed by the characters.
Expression of defiance: The use of profanity may also reflect the characters’ rebellion against social norms and their disdain for societal conventions.

Symbolism: Metaphorical language is used throughout Jerusalem. One prominent example is the title of the play itself, representing a ‘promised land’ that is unattainable for most characters.
Reinforcing themes: The metaphors are used to reinforce important themes and motifs within the narrative, such as the struggle between tradition and modernity, individual freedom, and the loss of British rural identity.

Literary allusions: The language in the play includes several allusions, adding depth and richness to the text. These references to literature, history and culture serve to juxtapose the mundane lives of the characters with grander concepts and narratives.
Offering perspective: The allusive language works to highlight the interplay between the local and the larger world, between the personal and the public, and between the trivial and the universally significant. It presents a perspective where the ordinary is caught up in, and informs, a wider historical and cultural discourse.

Contrast between speech and action: Ironies are threaded throughout the dialogue, creating tension between what characters say and their depicted behaviours.
Exposing character flaws: Irony is used as a device to expose the hypocrisies, disparities, and contradictions inherent in the characters, especially Byron, thus adding to the complexity of their portrayals.