The Importance of Being Earnest: Context: Aestheticism
The Importance of Being Earnest: Context: Aestheticism
The Concept of Aestheticism
- Aestheticism is an art movement that took place in the late 19th century, which prioritised beauty and ‘art for art’s sake’ over moral, political or social messages.
- This movement was a stark contrast to the highly moralistic and restrained values of the Victorian period in which Oscar Wilde was living and writing.
- Oscar Wilde is regarded as one of the most notable proponents of this movement.
Aestheticism in ‘The Importance of Being Earnest’
- Wilde presents aesthetic values through the character Algernon who lives for pleasure and beauty, embodying the aesthetic ideal.
- Language in the play often emphasises the aesthetic value of beauty and wit over deeper substance or morality.
- The leisure-class lifestyle depicted in the play, marked by idleness, aesthetic pursuits and hedonism, aligns with aesthetic principles.
Wilde’s Role as an Aesthete
- As a leading figure in the aestheticism movement, Wilde’s own life has parallels with the aesthetic philosophy portrayed in the play.
- Wilde often defended art’s right to exist purely for beauty’s sake and not as a tool for socio-political instruction or moral edification. This is reflected in the moral ambiguity and superficial concerns of the characters in the play.
Criticism and Satire
- Wilde uses the play to critique the rigid moralism and societal norms of the Victorian era, favouring aestheticism.
- However, the play also satirises aestheticism by showcasing its excesses and potential for becoming yet another restrictive social code.
Victorian Audience Reception
- The Victorian audience would find the frivolous and seemingly amoral aesthetic attitude shocking, which highlights Wilde’s intention to challenge societal norms.
- Additionally, this tension could also provoke viewers to consider the aesthetic movement’s principle of l’art pour l’art (art for art’s sake) and its implications within their own society.