Things Fall Apart: Language

Understanding the Language in ‘Things Fall Apart’

Use of Proverbs

Achebe’s rich use of Igbo proverbs adds depth and authenticity to the narrative and to our understanding of the Igbo culture.
These proverbs contribute to the development of the central themes and provide insight into the values and philosophies of the Igbo people.
An example of a commonly used proverb in the narrative is “When the mother-cow is chewing grass, its young ones watch its mouth,” demonstrating the value placed on learning and wisdom in the Igbo society.

Language as a Tool of Power

Achebe uses language to portray the power dynamic between the colonisers and the colonised.
The introduction of a new language (English) alongside the native Igbo language symbolises the imposition of colonial rule and the disruption of the Igbo culture.
The use of the English language is often associated with power, control, and authority in the narrative, with those who can speak English often holding higher status.

Achebe’s Dual Linguistic Strategy

Achebe effectively uses a dual linguistic strategy where he writes in English but infuses the narrative with the rhythm, pacing, and direct translation of the Igbo language and thought.
The English language is used with simplicity and dignity, without the use of pidgin or simplified ‘African’ English.
This approach honours the sophistication of the Igbo language and counters colonial stereotypes about African languages and cultures.

Role of Folktales and Stories

Folktales and stories form a significant part of the Igbo oral tradition and are used by Achebe to provide cultural and historical context.
The stories told by the characters provide important insights into their believes, values, and the complexities of their society.
For example, the tale of the tortoise and his shell reflects the Igbo belief that individuals should not attempt to rise above their community or the natural order.

Dialect and Phrasing

Achebe uses dialect and phrasing to reflect the cultural context and setting of the novel.
Certain Igbo phrases and terms are used without translation, immersing the reader in the Igbo culture and forcing them to empathise with the characters’ experiences.