Amadeus: cultural context

Cultural Context

“Amadeus” is set during the transition from the Enlightenment to the Romantic period. This is reflected in the contrast between the characters of Salieri, representing the reason and order of the Enlightenment, and Mozart, a figure of the new Romantic ideal.
The Enlightenment prided itself on reason and order, ideals that were embodied in Salieri’s well structured but uninspiring music.
The Romantic period was characterised by a fascination with the sublime, the emotional and the irrational, traits evident in the genius and spontaneity of Mozart’s compositions.
Themes of the play such as the struggle between genius (Mozart) and mediocrity (Salieri), and the nature of divine inspiration also reflect the sentiments of the Romantic era.

The social and class structures of 18th century Vienna are significant in the play. The court of Emperor Joseph II, where much of the play is set, is presented as a setting governed by etiquette and hierarchy.
Mozart’s non-conformity and irreverence towards these social structures, reflect his status as an outsider and contribute to his downfall.
Salieri, on the other hand, conforms to these structures well, using them to manipulate the perception of Mozart in court.

The play also depicts a strong religious theme, reflecting the significant role of religion in 18th century culture.
Salieri’s belief in God and his subsequent disillusionment when he cannot reconcile Mozart’s crude behaviour with his divine talent, is central to the play.
The play explores the theme of Divine Providence - a popular belief during the era. This is seen in Salieri’s view of Mozart’s extraordinary talent as a divine gift, and his own mediocrity as proof of God’s indifference.

“Amadeus” throws light on the evolution of classical music during the late 18th century.
It contrasts the rigid, formulaic compositions of Salieri and his contemporaries with the radical, emotive and innovative music of Mozart.
The play illustrates the growing divergence from the rules and forms of traditional composition, symbolised by Mozart, and the emerging prominence of personal expression and emotional depth in music.