Historical Context of ‘The Caucasian Chalk Circle’

Understands Brecht’s Historical Positioning: Bertolt Brecht wrote ‘The Caucasian Chalk Circle’ in 1944-1945 while he was in exile in the United States. During this time, the world was in the midst of World War II, and Brecht used his plays to comment on the unfolding socio-political situation. Understanding this historical context is key to appreciating the play’s themes and messages.
Backdrop of World War II: The play incorporates the tumultuousness and volatility of World War II. The civil war depicted echoes the worldwide conflict, showcasing organised brutality, power struggles and the questioning of prevailing systems.

Themes of Socialism

Promotion of Cooperative Society: Brecht’s play promotes the idea of a cooperative society where resources are shared, aligning with socialist principles. The character Azdak, for example, represents a non-traditional judge who bases his decisions on fairness and empathy rather than established law.
Brecht’s Marxist Views: Brecht was a Marxist, and his ideological leanings are evident in the play. The idea, for example, that the true mother of the child is the one who can provide for him and nurture him – regardless of blood relation – is a clear reflection of Marxist ideals prioritizing the proletariat’s needs.

Deconstruction of Legal Systems: Brecht calls into question prevailing legal and power structures. The character Azdak, despite his initial appearance as a drunken and eccentric individual, often delivers more justice than the traditionally strict and unyielding legal systems.
Theme of Social Justice: The play uses the central custody battle to discuss wider issues of social justice, property rights, and the disparities between classes. The climactic ‘chalk circle’ test offers a sharp critique of these societal structures.

Feminism in the Play: The choice of a strong, determined female protagonist in Grusha Vashnadze can be seen as a feminist approach. Grusha’s character subverts typical gender roles of the time: she is brave, takes action into her own hands, and even participates in a physical fight to protect the child.
Questioning of Traditional Gender Roles: Elements of the play challenge the expectations of female behaviour in society. Brecht depicts women like Grusha as powerful and independent rather than submissive or secondary to men.