House of Bernarda Alba: sub-text

What is Sub-text?

In drama, sub-text refers to the underlying, unspoken or less obvious meanings and motives of characters.
Recognising sub-text is crucial, as it deepens understanding of character psychology and dynamics, theme exploration and dramatic tension.

Sub-text in ‘The House of Bernarda Alba’

Sub-text in Character Interactions

Bernarda’s oppressive control over her daughters is instantly discernible, but the sub-text reveals her fear of society and desperation to uphold her family’s honour.
The daughters’ compliance reveals a deeper longing for freedom, particularly noticed in Adela’s rebellious actions and Martirio’s lamentations.

Sub-text in Dialogue

The dialogue is fraught with sub-text. Phrases such as “she has never seen a man”, “look to your honour”, or “crying out for a man” reveal the suffocating repression and sexual frustration underlying the characters’ lives.
Bernarda’s insistence on mourning and proper behaviour belie her fear of societal judgement.

Sub-text in Stage Directions

Lorca’s numerous stage directions and non-verbal cues provide rich sub-text. The closed doors and windows, frequent stamping of Bernarda’s cane and constant sewing by the daughters hint towards their claustrophobic existence and suppressed desires.

Sub-text in Symbolism

Lorca’s use of symbolic elements is loaded with sub-text. The Heat implies both the physical heat of Spanish summer and suppressed sexual desires. The Stallion being locked and trying to escape conveys the suppressed desires of the daughters.
The colours used by Lorca holds significant sub-text. Bernarda’s daughters wearing black indicates mourning but also reflects their stifled existence. Adela’s green dress symbolises her youth and desire to break free.

Remember, sub-text is an incredibly important part of understanding ‘The House of Bernarda Alba’ as it helps alert the audience to underlying themes, character motivations, and the roots of conflict within the story. The sub-text should influence every aspect of your interpretation, from performance choices to set design.