Caucasian Chalk Circle: form

Understanding the Epic Theatre Form

Anti-realistic approach: Brecht strongly believed in the epic theatre’s anti-realism. Unlike realism, the world of The Caucasian Chalk Circle is deliberately unrealistic. The unrealistic staging is used to emphasise the play’s political and social themes.
Use of theatre devices: In line with Brecht’s theory, the play uses various theatrical devices such as music, direct audience address, and songs. These tools contribute to the alienation effect - making the audience continuously aware they are watching a play and encouraging critical reflection.
Emphasis on narrative rather than character: In epic theatre, the story is more important than individual characters. While characters in The Caucasian Chalk Circle are memorable, Brecht’s primary focus is on the narrative and themes concerning justice, power, and love.

Purpose of the alienation effect: Brecht developed this technique to stop the audience from getting too emotionally involved in the story. Instead, he wanted them to observe and engage intellectually with the issues presented. Throughout The Caucasian Chalk Circle, Brecht uses different strategies like direct address, breaking the fourth wall, and non-realistic staging to create this effect.
Effect on audience engagement: By using the alienation effect, Brecht hoped to encourage audience members to think critically about the play’s themes and messages, rather than simply being carried away by the emotions of the characters or the plot.

Function of the framing narrative: The prologue and the epilogue of The Caucasian Chalk Circle feature a dispute over land that is resolved by drawing a chalk circle. This framing narrative reflects the main story, heightening the play’s themes and making its central conflict clear.
Introduction of Singer and Chorus: The Singer and his chorus enter the play to tell the story. They present it as a parable, further distancing the audience from the emotional involvement and underscoring the play’s didactic purpose.

Historical displacement: Even though the play was written and premiered in the mid-20th century, the story is set in medieval Georgia. This historical displacement is a characteristic of Brecht’s epic theatre, designed to provide perspective on present-day issues.
Social and political commentary: Through this historical displacement and the story of the chalk circle, Brecht comments on social and political issues such as the misuse of power, the concept of rightful ownership, and the value of love and care over biological parenthood or legal entitlement.