House of Bernarda Alba: structure

Structure of ‘The House of Bernarda Alba’

Overall Structure

‘The House of Bernarda Alba’ is presented in three acts, characteristic of the well-made play structure traditional to theatre.
It follows a linear structure with events progressing in chronological order clear of flashbacks or major leaps in time.
The entire play takes place in one location, the house of Bernarda, creating a sense of claustrophobia and tension.

Act I

Act I introduces the characters and the family dynamics establishing the themes of dominance, repression, and class conflict.
Bernarda’s declaration of eight years of mourning sets the main conflict in motion, providing a basis for the rest of the narrative.
The introduction of the character Pepe el Romano plays a key role as a non-appearing character who influences the dramatic tension in following acts.

Act II

Act II introduces the love interest of Pepe el Romano, and the conflict amplifies as the sisters compete over him. The theme of jealousy and sexual repression becomes more prominent.
The tension gradually escalates throughout the act, as more is revealed about each character’s motivations and frustrations.
Bernanda’s dominance is challenged towards the end of the act, hinting Bernarda’s inability to control everything which will eventually lead to chaos.

Act III

Act III is the climatic resolution of the drama, focusing on the tragic conclusion of the repressed desires and conflicts.
The events escalate rapidly leading to Adela’s suicide, symbolising the ultimate rebellion against Bernarda’s oppressive rule.
The final scene underlines the futility of the women’s desires and Bernarda’s control by ensuring the outside world remains oblivious to the internal upheaval.

Significance of Time

The span of a few months over the play’s duration intensifies the building pressure and despair.
The use of day and night, and summer heat denote symbolic meanings, suggesting the stifling atmosphere, sexual tension and Bernarda’s rigorous control.

Always remember these key features when examining the structure of ‘The House of Bernarda Alba’. Understanding the structure will allow you to critically evaluate how Lorca uses it to emphasise key themes and dramatic tension.